Electrochemical Immunosensors for Quantification of Procalcitonin: Progress and Prospects

Human procalcitonin (PCT) is a peptide precursor of the calcium-regulating hormone calcitonin. Traditionally, PCT has been used as biomarker for severe bacterial infections and sepsis. It also recently identified potential marker COVID-19. Normally, serum intracellularly cleaved to calcitonin, which lowers levels (<0.01 ng/mL). In infectious diseases sepsis, increase above 100 ng/mL in response pro-inflammatory stimulation. Development sensors specific quantification resulted considerable improvement sensitivity, linear range rapid response. Among various sensing strategies, electrochemical platforms have extensively investigated owing their cost-effectiveness, ease fabrication portability. Sandwich-type immunoassays based on antigen–antibody interactions with an transducer use nanointerfaces augmented towards PCT. Identification superior combination electrode material nanointerface, translation platform into flexible disposable substrates are under active investigation development point-of-care device detection. This review provides overview existing detection strategies limitations immunosensors, emerging directions address these lacunae.